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Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(1): 89-94, Jan.-Feb. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614915

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and operational aspects of leprosy carriers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study leprosy patients assisted in São Luis, MA, was performed. RESULTS: Of the 85 cases analyzed, 51.7 percent were male participants, and 60 percent were brown. Concerning the age, 54.8 percent of women were between 35 and 49 years, and 57.6 percent of men were between 20 and 34 years. Lepromatous leprosy was found in 42.3 percent of cases, and the multibacillary form was found in 72.9 percent. The skin smear was positive in 42.3 percent. The occurrence of reaction was found in 43.5 percent of cases, and 83.5 percent had no Bacillus Calmette-Guérin scar. Leprosy in the family was reported by 44.7 percent of the patients. Most of the individuals (96.4 percent) lived in houses made of brick with more than three rooms (72.6 percent) and two persons per room (65.1 percent). Concerning the level of education, 41.4 percent of women and 34.1 percent of men had more than one to three years of education. The most evaluated age group in the beginning of the treatment was that of 35 to 49 years with a Grade 0 incapability (64.5 percent), and that in the end was the age group of 20 to 34 (29.9 percent) with Grade 0, 30.7 percent Grade 1, and 11.5 percent Grade 2. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of multibacillary forms found in this study and the cases in family members point out delayed diagnoses. Thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important in decreasing the outcome of disabilities.


INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase é uma doença infecto-contagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Este estudo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e operacionais de portadores de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado no município de São Luis, MA. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 85 casos, sendo 51,7 por cento, do sexo masculino e cor parda (60 por cento). As mulheres tinham entre 35 a 49 anos de idade (54,8 por cento) e os homens entre 20 a 34 (57,6 por cento). A forma virchowiana foi mais frequente (42,3 por cento), a classe operacional a multibacilar (72,9 por cento) e baciloscopia positiva em 42,3 por cento. Houve ocorrência de reação em 43,5 por cento, e ausência da cicatriz da Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) em 83,5 por cento. Hanseníase na família foi referida por 44,7 por cento. As casas eram de alvenaria (96,4 por cento), tinham mais de 3 cômodos (72,6 por cento), dormindo duas pessoas por cômodo (65,1 por cento). Quanto aos anos de estudo, 41,4 por cento de mulheres e 34 por cento de homens tinham de um a três anos. A faixa etária entre 35 e 49 anos foi a mais avaliada com Grau 0 de incapacidade, no início do tratamento (64,5 por cento) e no final, foi entre 20 e 34 e destes 29,9 por cento tinham Grau 0, 30,7 por cento Grau 1 e 11,5 por cento Grau 2. CONCLUSÕES: A frequência das formas multibacilares e casos em familiares indicam diagnósticos tardios, reforçando a importância do diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado, para a redução do aparecimento de incapacidades.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Leprosy, Multibacillary/epidemiology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disability Evaluation , Leprosy, Multibacillary/therapy , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/therapy , Socioeconomic Factors
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